What We Accomplished; CMA Biotechnology had the opportunity to present our products that protect intestinal health and flora in animals using biotechnological techniques.

Diarrhea in calves, lambs, and kids—the future of livestock farming in Turkey—causes irreversible losses and even mortality. Recognizing this need, we introduced Zoentero, containing biofermented + probiotic derived from ruminant intestinal flora—the first and only product of its kind in Turkey—in new large packaging formats in powder and liquid forms at the congress.

We presented ZymFlor Ruminant product in new large packaging powder and liquid formats for cattle, sheep, and goats—designed to elevate rumen fermentation to optimal levels and support prevention of ketosis, heat stress, post-antibiotic negative effects, and digestive disorders.

We presented Bio-AminoVit, a four-fold combination product comprising prebiotics, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids for those preferring not to use injectable vitamins and minerals in ruminants, poultry, pets, cage birds, bees, and equines—providing animals with high resistance under all adverse living conditions.

We had the opportunity to present biotechnological products at the congress including ZoeDry Spray, a cicatrizant and umbilical cord desiccant; Zoetrizan Spray, an epithelizing wound care product applicable directly to open and surgical wounds; Boviferm Plus from Germany for compensating fluid electrolyte loss in calves; ZoeMint Cream and ZoeMint Spray supporting udder health.

Furthermore, in addition to animal health, within the framework of complementary health control for environmental health protection, we presented products from Biosix, an important European company specialized in this field, including Alphi for adult housefly control and Maggots as a larvicide product.

We are very grateful to all our faculty members and participants who contributed to this event.

CMA,

Protect the Intestines, Protect the Whole Body

“2nd International Congress on Fertility and Mammary Gland Health in Farm Animals” organized by Near East University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was held between 26-29 April 2018 at the Noah’s Ark Hotel in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

The congress brought together approximately 350 participants, comprising mostly farm veterinarians, private practitioners, and academics. The congress facilitated the sharing of the latest scientific and technological developments related to fertility and mammary gland health topics, as well as their mutual discussion. On the 1st day, emphasis was placed on current strategies in mastitis control in dairy cattle operations and new diagnostic methods. On the 2nd day, the congress provided an opportunity for information dissemination regarding fertility problems in dairy operations, clinical gains in problem management, and new treatment methods.

All types of scientific research and findings related to the subject conducted in veterinary biotechnology or academic units of Veterinary Faculties were shared within this congress.

As CMA Biotechnology and pharmaceutical company, Executive Board Chairman Cemal Kaya and Field Manager Ahmet Çelikoğlu presented at the CMA congress stand:

With the slogan “If You Protect the Intestine, You Protect the Entire Body,” they introduced ZymFlor Ruminant, the first product in ruminants containing probiotics, prebiotics, and enzymes at their stand.

Recognizing that calf, lamb, and kid diarrhea, which represents the future of livestock farming in Turkey, causes irreversible losses and even deaths, they presented the product Zoentero, containing probiotics and bioferment derived from ruminant intestinal flora, at the congress stand. They are working to ensure that this next-generation biotechnological product in complete intestinal health protection fully supports the thesis of “calves must no longer die” and contributes significantly to the country’s economy.

They presented Bio-AminoVit Ruminat, a quadruple combination effervescent powder product in ruminants composed of prebiotics, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that will provide animals with high resistance under all adverse living conditions, from the congress stand.

They also presented biotechnological products with specific characteristics supporting animal health at the congress: Super 7, a scarring agent and umbilical cord drying product from the USA; Chitopan, an epithelializing wound care product from Poland that can be directly applied to open and surgical wounds; Boviferm Plus from Germany, addressing fluid electrolyte loss in calves; ZoeMint Cream and ZoeMint spray supporting mammary gland health; and Inchhoof Gel from the Netherlands supporting foot health.

As CMA Biotechnology, supporting our colleagues at such congresses and symposiums, wherever and whenever we are by their side, will always be a matter of pride for us.

Cemal KAYA

Veterinarian

CMA Executive Board Chairman

Despite being a new company with only 1.5 years of operation, CMA has participated in similar international congresses for the third time, placing support for scientific congresses among its strategic objectives.

The congress content’s appeal to farm veterinarians and private practitioners was evident from the intense participation of veterinarians working in this field.

The congress, held with presentations by foreign and domestic experts, was scientifically rich with clinical studies presented on farm animals. The exchange of information with sector stakeholders at the congress and the heavily visited exhibition area allowed for discussion of various topics and shaped positive expectations for the future.

In today’s era where industrial production takes precedence, preventive medicine occupies a more prominent place than treatment. Eliminating effective factors to prevent economic loss falls within the scope of preventive medicine. Besides preventive medicine, the importance of nutrition is quite significant; Prof. Dr. Hakan Biricik’s presentation on “Nutrition of Tomorrow’s Dairy Cattle: Calf 4.0” was particularly engaging.

The global movement to reduce antibiotic use in animal health continues to strengthen, particularly in the United States and Europe. In eliminating antibiotics and fully protecting intestinal health, probiotics, organic acids, enzymes, etc. come to the forefront.

At the CMA congress stand:

Under the concept of “Discover the Future,” CMA explained its goal of improving animal health through biotechnological techniques using probiotics and bioferments related to intestinal health, referred to as the “second brain” in animal husbandry, and developing products and new methods that will contribute to the country’s economy.

With the slogan “If You Protect the Intestines, You Protect the Whole Body,” the company introduced ZymFlor Ruminant, a product containing probiotics, prebiotics, and enzymes, for the first time in ruminants at its stand.

CMA continues its efforts to obtain the title of first and sole company to market probiotics isolated from domestic intestinal flora separately in all animal groups.

Recognizing that calf, lamb, and kid diarrhea—the future of livestock farming in Turkey—causes irreversible losses and even deaths, CMA introduced Zoentero, a product containing probiotics and bioferments derived from ruminant intestinal flora, at the congress stand. The company works to ensure that this next-generation biotechnological product fully supports the thesis of “calves must not die” in maintaining complete intestinal health and provides significant contribution to the country’s economy. Healthy calves, lambs, and kids will be the healthy generations of the future.

In ruminants, CMA presented Bio-AminoVit Ruminant, an effervescent powder product with a quadruple combination consisting of prebiotics, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that will provide animals with high resistance under all adverse living conditions at the congress stand.

Additionally, the company presented biotechnological products with specific characteristics at the congress: Super 7, a cicatrizant and umbilical cord drying agent from the USA; Boviferm Plus from Germany supporting calf fluid electrolyte needs; ZoeMint Cream and spray supporting udder health; and Inchoof Gel from the Netherlands supporting hoof health.

In accordance with CMA’s vision, the company has targeted the supply of preventive medicine products to veterinarians. In this direction, by keeping pace with rapidly changing market conditions and continuously renewing itself, CMA will continue to contribute to its sector.

As CMA, the company will continue to grow in the sector by always remaining close to veterinarians and delivering support and services to veterinarians working throughout Turkey.

Ahmet ÇELİKOĞLU

Field Manager

CMA Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.

CMA Biotechnology Technical

Biotechnology is a term used to describe various techniques and processes applied to understand and modify the functions of human, animal, and plant cells.

It encompasses the improvement of living organisms or the development of products for industrial use, as well as the application of modern technology to natural sciences.

Biotechnology refers to all methods used to obtain a new organism (plant, animal, or microorganism) by utilizing whole or partial organisms of plants, animals, or microorganisms, or to make desired changes in the genetic structure of an existing organism.

Biotechnology applications encompass different fields such as microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, immunology, protein engineering, enzymology, and bioprocess technologies. Therefore, biotechnology develops in mutual relationship with many scientific disciplines.

Bioferment is a product obtained by fermenting a substrate using bacteria, similar to the process used in silage, pickles, and yogurt production.

Different bioferments are manufactured for use in soil, animal feed, and food additives.

Our product Zoentero contains a bioferment produced for a specific purpose.

This bioferment is obtained by fermenting selected food substances with selected bacteria and then drying them.

Commercial bioferment-containing products have recently been introduced to the global market, even for human use.

Currently, aside from Zoentero, there is no commercial example in the global market that contains a good probiotic + bioferment combination as an animal feed additive.

In the bioferment + probiotic compound, after application, the bioferment

following digestive system diseases, antibiotic administration, vaccination, stress, and transport

covers the intestinal surface in place of damaged intestinal villi, enabling the probiotic to achieve full efficacy, and

assists in the normal functioning of the digestive system.

Probiotics are biological products composed of cultures of beneficial microorganisms used as feed additives to regulate microflora balance in the digestive tract, prevent pathogenic microorganisms from becoming harmful and proliferating, and thereby increase feed utilization efficiency.

Applications of Probiotics

Probiotics are generally used to increase resistance against infectious intestinal diseases, reduce diarrhea and allergies, increase leukocyte phagocytosis, prevent tumors, and eliminate stress before and after animal transportation.

Through probiotic application, beneficial intestinal flora can be supported to prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms and diseases. Probiotics minimize conditions such as diarrhea, ulcers, reduced productivity, and decreased feed efficiency caused by stress factors including high heat, crowding, and dehydration that occur during animal transportation.

With probiotic application, attempts are made to minimize the effects of stress caused by conditions such as insufficient colostrum intake, poor nutrition, parasite infestations, vaccination, poor weather conditions, and infections.

Probiotics have been used in animal nutrition for many years within the framework of applications aimed at increasing productivity. Probiotics are used in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases related to the digestive system in animals.

Being natural, causing no harm to animals, and not being absorbed from the digestive tract are characteristics that enable them to serve as alternatives to antibiotics.

The positive effects created by probiotics are listed as follows:

• Preventing the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms by producing lactic acid,
• Limiting pathogen reproduction by secreting hydrogen peroxide,
• Adhering to the intestinal surface before pathogens and competing for nutrients,
• Rapidly proliferating in the intestinal environment to leave no space for pathogenic microorganisms,
• Contributing to the synthesis of B-group vitamins,
• Increasing appetite due to their attractive natural flavors,
• Secreting digestive enzymes such as protease, lipase, proteinase, and cellulase,
• Synthesizing acetate, a precursor for fatty acids, during fermentation.

Use of Probiotics in Ruminants and Their Effects on the Rumen

In ruminants, probiotics prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestines while increasing feed consumption and the digestibility of nutrients, thereby increasing dry matter intake, average live weight gain, and milk and milk fat production. Additionally, it is reported that by converting methane to carbon dioxide, energy loss is prevented while reducing the impact on global warming.

Probiotics are biological products composed of cultures of beneficial microorganisms used as feed additives to regulate microflora balance in the digestive tract, prevent pathogenic microorganisms from becoming harmful and proliferating, and thereby increase feed utilization efficiency.

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, probiotics have been proven to be beneficial to the body when consumed in sufficient quantities.

Probiotics are effective by increasing the numbers of beneficial bacteria in the intestines and decreasing the numbers of harmful ones. Additionally, they help maintain and restore the natural balance of good bacteria in the intestinal system. There is strong scientific evidence showing that they help improve intestinal health and strengthen the immune system.

Although the word bacteria often has negative connotations, 85% of the bacteria found in the intestinal system are beneficial bacteria. The number of bacteria found in the intestinal flora alone is approximately 100 trillion. Within the stomach and intestinal flora, beneficial and harmful bacteria must coexist in balance. If this balance is disrupted, various diseases may occur.

Probiotics create a defensive line against bad bacteria. In this sense, probiotics support our immune system. They control the harmful effects of bad bacteria.

There are probiotic supplements containing a single strain as well as probiotic supplements containing a mixture of various strains. Their effectiveness depends on whether they are not affected during passage through the stomach and intestinal system and whether they can colonize.

Consequences of Intestinal Flora Disruption

The disappearance of the protective layer created by probiotics on the intestinal mucosa increases intestinal permeability. Insufficiently digested feed materials and unneutralized toxins pass into the bloodstream. The immune system becomes excessively stimulated in response to insufficiently digested protein particles. Some of these foreign protein particles are very similar to the body’s own proteins. When the immune system is overstimulated, it cannot distinguish between what belongs to it and what is foreign. While destroying what is foreign, it also destroys what belongs to it. These are called autoimmune diseases.

Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics

1) Reducing the numbers of pathogenic bacteria

a) Production of antimicrobial compounds

b) Competition for nutritional elements

c) Competition for colonization sites

2) Modifying microbial metabolism

a) Production of enzymes that stimulate the digestive system

b) Improvement of intestinal wall functions

3) Improving the immune system

a) Increased antibody levels

b) Increased macrophage activity

Why Should We Use Probiotics?

Probiotics are generally used to increase resistance against infectious intestinal diseases, reduce diarrhea and allergies, increase leukocyte phagocytosis, prevent tumors, and eliminate stress before and after animal transportation. (2)

Through probiotic application, beneficial intestinal flora can be supported to prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms and diseases. Probiotics minimize conditions such as diarrhea, ulcers, reduced productivity, and decreased feed efficiency caused by stress factors including high heat, crowding, and dehydration that occur during animal transportation. (2)

With probiotic application, attempts are made to minimize the effects of stress caused by conditions such as insufficient colostrum intake, poor nutrition, parasite infestations, vaccination, poor weather conditions, and infections. (2)

The positive effects created by probiotics are listed as follows.

-Preventing the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms by producing lactic acid,

-Limiting pathogen reproduction by secreting hydrogen peroxide,

-Adhering to the intestinal surface before pathogens and competing for nutrients,

-Rapidly proliferating in the intestinal environment to leave no space for pathogenic microorganisms,

-Promoting the proliferation of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with animals and secrete digestive enzymes,

-Contributing to the synthesis of B-group vitamins,

-Increasing appetite due to their attractive natural flavors,

-Secreting digestive enzymes such as protease, lipase, proteinase, and cellulase,

-Preventing the proliferation of microorganisms that produce toxic amines and ammonia, thereby preventing an increase in amines and ammonia in the intestines,

-Synthesizing acetate, a precursor for fatty acids, during fermentation. (2)

Supporting the Immune System

The immune system is the sum of processes that protect the body against diseases and recognize and destroy pathogenic agents (bacteria, viruses, etc.) and tumor cells. Since the immune system is the body’s defense system, its support and strengthening, and gaining resistance against diseases, is the most important point.

70 to 80% of the immune system is located in the intestines. Probiotics strengthen the immune system, preventing the intestines from reacting suddenly and excessively, while also ensuring the proper functioning and stimulation of the immune system. Another characteristic of probiotics is protecting the microbiota and intestines at the cellular level in a way that provides optimal defense.

Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is increasingly prevalent in our country. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic skin disease.

Diarrhea

Numerous studies have shown that probiotic feed additives are extremely successful in treating diarrhea. Probiotics are also effective in viral diarrhea.

Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Diarrhea develops in approximately 20% of those using oral antibiotics due to intestinal flora disruption.

Allergy

Probiotics strengthen the protective mucosa barrier in the intestines; thereby reducing intestinal permeability and preventing allergenic substances from passing into the blood.

Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Aquaculture

In light of studies conducted on probiotics and prebiotics, it has been determined that the use of these substances in aquaculture increases feed utilization, live weight gain, survival rate, and growth performance in cultured fish regardless of species and age, and has positive effects on the immune system. (3)

Efficacy and Future of Probiotics in the Poultry Sector

In recent years, the concept of probiotic use has become clearer compared to previous years. Probiotics developed as a result of biotechnological research are an important alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for promoting growth in poultry. It is expected that this resource will be utilized more effectively in the future.

Following the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry rations, research on alternative feed additive substances such as probiotics in poultry feeds has increased. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when added to feed, suppress pathogenic microorganisms living in the intestines, increase beneficial bacteria, absorb certain microbial-derived toxic secretions, increase the secretion of certain digestive enzymes, and support the immune system. Through this, probiotic supplementation plays a role in promoting growth in poultry, improving feed utilization, and enhancing immunity. As a result, the use of certain natural substances in place of antibiotics in the future is inevitable, and probiotics may have increasing importance in meeting this requirement. (4)

Use of Probiotics in Ruminants and Their Effects on the Rumen

In ruminants, probiotics prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestines while increasing feed consumption and the digestibility of nutrients, thereby increasing dry matter intake, average live weight gain, and milk and milk fat production. Additionally, it is reported that by converting methane to carbon dioxide, energy loss is prevented while reducing the impact on global warming.

The use of probiotics as feed additives, methane inhibitors, and rumen development promoting factors in young ruminants is preferred to antibiotic use. In animals, antibiotics have undesirable effects such as toxicity, allergic reactions, bacterial resistance, and suppression of intestinal flora. Antibiotic residues in animal food products also create significant problems in humans.

It is stated that with probiotic use, it may be possible to avoid the negative effects of antibiotics used for the same purpose. It should be noted that probiotics should not be considered as replacements for antibiotics in disease treatment; however, they may serve as supportive agents for balancing intestinal flora and improving rumen functions. (2)

(1)-(Kılıç et al., 2007). (Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Journal Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Koçyiğit and Tüzemen 2012 9)

(2)-(Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Med. J. 2005,11(1):93-98 D.Sarıpınar, N.Sulu Use of probiotics in ruminants and their effects on the rumen)

(3)- (Panigrahi et al., 2004; Salinas et al., 2005; El-Haroun et al. 2006; Kumar et al. 2006; Bagheri et al. 2008). YYU AGR SCI J (YYU J AGR SCI) 2012, 22(1): 62-68 Gonca ALAK1*, Muhammed ATAMANALP2

(4)- Poultry Research Journal 12 (2): 7-12, 2015 İsmail Ülger1, Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzi1, Mahmut Kaliber1*, Yusuf Konca1

Academic Research on Probiotics

Use of Probiotics in Ruminants
Use of Probiotics-Prebiotics-Enzymes in Ruminants
Use of Probiotics in Ruminant Bedside
Use of Probiotics in Poultry
Probiotics in Aquaculture

Prebiotics are indigestible compounds that enhance the effects of probiotics by regulating the number and activity of beneficial bacteria found in the intestines. They are nutrients that bacteria consume.

Prebiotics have effects such as regulating digestion, increasing vitamin synthesis and mineral absorption, reducing the risk of colon cancer and cholesterol levels, and strengthening the immune system. They increase the viability and reproduction rate of probiotics in the intestines. For this reason, it is important to use prebiotics and probiotics together as synbiotics to benefit from their synergistic effects and achieve better performance.

Additives classified as prebiotics include; mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOS), galactosyl-lactose, inulin, enzymatically hydrolyzed inulin (oligofructose), and synthetic fructose.

Inulin

Inulin is a prebiotic fiber. Its primary beneficial effect is the prevention of ketosis disease. It is highly beneficial for calf growth and intestinal health. It promotes animal development, feed efficiency, and increases meat and milk production. It increases the formation of volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen that provide energy to ruminants. As in humans, it promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestines and reduces harmful bacteria. Administration to ewes in the final stages of pregnancy is beneficial in preventing pregnancy toxemia. It has hepatoprotective effects. When added to the ration of dairy cows in the final stages of pregnancy, it improves the quality of colostrum. The energy it provides prevents sudden weight loss in postpartum cows and enables them to return to estrus in the shortest possible time.

MOS

It has been reported that the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus to dairy cow rations increases milk yield. Like probiotics, prebiotics have positive effects on the immune system. However, in addition to accelerating the proliferation of beneficial bacteria together with the natural microflora in the intestinal tract, MOS binds to bacterial fimbriae that enable pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, thereby preventing pathogens from adhering to the intestinal tract and initiating infection.

Academic Research on Prebiotics

Prebiotics, Synbiotics and their Use in Veterinary Medicine
Prebiotic Use in Quail
Aquaculture – Prebiotics and MOS
Ruminant Probiotic-Prebiotic-Enzyme Use